Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak

Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak
Date of tornado outbreak: September 15 – 18, 2004
Duration1: 2 days, 13 hours, 27 minutes[nb 1]
Maximum rated tornado2: F3 tornado
Tornadoes caused: At least 119[nb 2]
Damages: $96.9 million[nb 3]
Fatalities: 7 total + 3 non-tornadic
Areas affected: Southern and Eastern North America

1Time from first tornado to last tornado
2Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita Scale

The Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak was a three-day tornado outbreak that was associated with the passage of Hurricane Ivan across the Southern United States starting on September 15, 2004 across the Gulf Coast states of Alabama and Florida as well as southern Georgia before ending in the Middle Atlantic Coast on September 18. The outbreak killed at least 7 people and injured dozens of people across several states from Florida to Pennsylvania. The hurricane itself killed at least 90 people from the US to the eastern Caribbean Islands. Overall it produced 119 tornadoes surpassing the record of 117 that was previously held by Hurricane Beulah during the 1967 Atlantic hurricane season. Ivan also produced 16 more tornadoes than Hurricane Frances which struck most of the same regions (the tornado outbreak) about ten days earlier.

Contents

Meteorological synopsis

See also: Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan

On September 13, 2011, as Category 5 Hurricane Ivan moved through the Yucatan Channel,[4] the Storm Prediction Center noted the possibility of isolated tornadoes for parts of Louisiana and the Florida Panhandle three days out.[5] Though the storm weakened while approaching the United States, strong low-level wind shear along its northeastern periphery allowed for the development of potentially tornadic supercells.[6] A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Hunter aircraft intercepted Ivan during the afternoon and evening of September 15. During the mission, dropwindsondes were deployed off the Gulf Coast to assess the rainband environment. By this time, an intense band of thunderstorms, with embedded supercells, developed about 250 mi (400 km) east of the hurricane's center. A thermodynamic sounding around 1:00 p.m. EST from Tampa Bay, Florida revealed unusually favorable conditions for deep, rotating convection. Ahead of the band, convective available potential energy (CAPE) levels reached 2,500 J/kg and significant helicity.[7] The significant levels of CAPE, accompanied by a dry air intrusion between the rainband and the main convection of Ivan, were the primary cause of the outbreak. A comparison between Ivan and Hurricane Jeanne revealed that both storms encounted similar conditions near landfall; however, CAPE values were lower during Jeanne and the system produced far fewer tornadoes.[8]

In light of the increased tornado threat, the first tornado watch was issued around 1:00 p.m. EST for the Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama.[9] By then, "miniature" supercell thunderstorms began approaching the coastline. Data from Doppler weather radar indicated mesocyclones within several of the cells, though mostly while over water. At the onset of the outbreak, three cells exhibited signature characteristics of supercell thunderstorms: cyclonic updraft and a hook-like appendage. Similar to storms over the Great Plains, a mid-level rear flank downdraft was present; however, this feature did not reach the surface.[7] Less than an hour after the watch was issued, the first tornado of the outbreak touched down in Escambia County, Florida. Over the course of the next 20 hours, the National Weather Service (NWS) office in Tallahassee monitored over 50 mesocyclones that had sufficient vorticity to spawn tornadoes. The high number of potential storms led to the issuance of 130 tornado warnings, of which only 20 later verified. One of the mesocyclones had a "nearly textbook appearance" and produced four tornadoes between 8:15 p.m. and 9:50 p.m. as it traveled nearly 75 miles across the Florida Big Bend.[1][2] Two of these tornadoes reached F2 intensity and, collectively, they killed four people, injured eight more and left $5.5 million in damage. By midnight on September 15, 26 tornadoes touched down across three states.[1]

With the tornado threat gradually moving northward, new tornado watches were issued further north into much of South Carolina.[10] During the first half of September 16, several F0 tornadoes touched down across the Southeast.[1] By the afternoon, downstream subsidence limited thunderstorm activity; however, as the day wore on, sufficient warm, moist air from the Gulf Stream and breaks in cloud cover allowed for CAPE values to rise.[11] Extensive convective banding to the north and east of the storm continued to encounter extreme levels of helicity. Subsequently, numerous rotating thunderstorms developed over the region, especially across Georgia and South Carolina.[12] Throughout the afternoon, 22 tornadoes touched down across the two states, one of which, an F2, killed one person.[1] The majority of the activity took place along a warm front that developed east of Tropical Storm Ivan within the shear maxima.[13]

Following a lull in activity during the overnight hours between September 16 and 17, conditions once more became increasingly favorable for tornadoes across North Carolina and Virginia. Strong shear associated with the weakening tropical cyclone and the destabilization of air ahead of the main rainband and consequently, a tornado watch was issued for portions of both states around 10:00 a.m.[14]

Tornado event

Outbreak death toll
State Total County County
total
Florida 6 Bay 2
Calhoun 4
Georgia 1 Franklin 1
Totals 7
All deaths were tornado-related

The tornado outbreak began during the early afternoon of September 15, when the first outer rain bands and thunderstorms moved ashore across the southern states. One person was killed in Panama City, Florida when a tornado tore through the city damaging many businesses. The tornado that hit just before 4:00 PM was caught on camera as it skirted just outside a local television station that was doing severe weather coverage as tornado warnings were issued in the Panama City media market area.[15] At the same time, another deadly tornado touched down in Bay County, Florida killing 1 when a wood-frame home was lifted and smashed, killing an occupant.[16] Later during the evening many other tornadoes touched down across the Panhandle region of west Florida. An F2 tornado in Calhoun County, Florida tossed mobile homes in the air, killing two occupants in each of 2 mobile homes.[17] At the same time the center of the hurricane was approaching the Florida/southern Alabama state and coastline near Gulf Shores. At least 26 tornadoes were confirmed during the day.

After the cyclone made landfall near Gulf Shores, Alabama, the tornado activity shifted further north into central Alabama and the northern half of Georgia as well as South Carolina. One person was killed in Franklin County, Georgia by an F2 tornado that damaged several businesses and homes. 32 tornadoes were confirmed on that day.[18] As the remnants of Ivan, now a tropical depression moved further inland, increased instability and thunderstorm cells produced a large tornado outbreak from the northern Carolinas to Pennsylvania. Virginia was the hardest hit state during the day as nearly 40 tornadoes affected the state.[19] Several F2s and one F3 did touched down causing significant damage to numerous structures including homes and businesses. Areas roughly to the west and south of Washington D.C were the hardest hit areas. Nearly 60 tornadoes were confirmed on that day before the outbreak ceased during the overnight hours of September 18 across Maryland.

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed
Total		 Confirmed
F0		 Confirmed
F1		 Confirmed
F2		 Confirmed
F3		 Confirmed
F4		 Confirmed
F5
119 48 52 18 1 0 0

September 15 event

List of reported tornadoes – Wednesday, September 15, 2004
F#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (EST)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Florida
F0 W of Perdido Key Escambia, Baldwin (AL) 1:53 p.m. – 2:06 p.m. 5 miles (8.0 km) A fast-moving, weak tornado touched down near Perdido Key and caused minor damage before dissipating southwest of Josephine, Alabama.[20][21]
F0 E of Pensacola Beach Escambia, Santa Rosa 2:55 p.m. – 3:03 p.m. 12 miles (19 km) A weak tornado touched down in a sparsely populated area east of Pensacola and caused only minor damage before dissipating near Gulf Breeze.[22][23]
F0 Beacon Hill area Gulf 3:35 p.m. – 3:37 p.m. 3 miles (4.8 km) A short-lived tornado caused minor damage to several homes in Beacon Hill. Several trees and power lines were also felled.[24]
F1 SW of Panama City Bay 3:40 p.m. – 3:50 p.m. 5 miles (8.0 km) 1 death – A strong F1 tornado touched down near the St. Andrews recreation area, where it damaged dozens of commercial structures. Traveling northward, the storm then moved through Grand Lagoon. There, one person was killed when a real estate office was destroyed and seven others were injured in a restaurant. The tornado came within 100 yards (91 m) of the WJHG-TV station before dissipating. Overall, damage from this event was estimated at $5 million.[25]
F1 Allanton area Bay 3:43 p.m. – 3:52 p.m. 5 miles (8.0 km) 1 death – Shortly after the previous tornado touched down, another formed near Allanton. This storm lofted a wood frame home, with seven people inside, about 60 feet (18 m) into a field; one person was killed and another was injured. Several other homes were damaged before the tornado dissipated.[26]
F1 Cedar Grove area Bay 4:00 p.m. – 4:07 p.m. 6 miles (9.7 km) Another F1 tornado touched down in Bay County, this time near Cedar Grove, and destroyed several homes along its path. Losses from the storm reached $2 million.[27]
F0 SE of Youngstown Bay 6:20 p.m. – 6:28 p.m. 7 miles (11 km) A weak tornado downed numerous trees and power lines.[28]
F0 NW of Chipley Washington 7:37 p.m. – 7:52 p.m. 12 miles (19 km) A relatively long-lived, but weak tornado caused minor damage to several homes. Several trees and power lines were also felled.[29]
F1 NE of Bonifay Holmes 7:55 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. 4 miles (6.4 km) An F1 tornado destroyed one home and damaged several others.[30]
F0 NW of Carrabelle Franklin 8:15 p.m. – 8:20 p.m. 5 miles (8.0 km) Numerous trees were uprooted between Carrabelle and Morgan Place.[31]
F1 SE of Wilma Liberty 8:30 p.m. – 8:40 p.m. 10 miles (16 km) An F1 tornado tracked through the Apalachicola National Forest where it uprooted hundreds of trees.[32]
F1 Dunnellon area Marion 8:45 p.m. 4 miles (6.4 km) One home was destroyed in Dunnellon and numerous trees were uprooted. In Rainbow Springs, roofing material was reported to have fallen on roads.[33]
F2 N of Blountstown Calhoun 9:07 p.m. – 9:18 p.m. 7 miles (11 km) 4 deaths – A strong F2 tornado touched down near Blountstown and tracked northwestward. After crossing Highway 69, it damaged dozens of homes and uprooted trees. Shortly thereafter, it moved through the Macedonia Community where three trailers were destroyed and 30 homes damaged. Within the community, four people were killed and five others were injured after their mobile homes were thrown into other structures. The tornado subsequently dissipated near Altha. Overall losses from the event reached $2.5 million.[34]
F0 Williston area Levy 9:17 p.m. 0.2 miles (0.32 km) Brief tornado with no damage reported by emergency management.[35]
F0 Bronson area Levy 9:22 p.m. 0.2 miles (0.32 km) Brief tornado with no damage reported by emergency management.[36]
F2 E of Marianna Jackson 9:31 p.m. – 9:50 p.m. 8 miles (13 km) The final Florida tornado on September 15 touched down east of Marianna and struck the Gold Drive Trailer Park. There, it destroyed 25 mobile homes and damaged 10 more. Three people sustained injuries in Gold Drive. Tracking northwest, the storm moved through the Brogdon Lane Trailer Park and damaged 10 more mobile homes and subsequently caused significant damage to the Marianna Federal Correctional Institution. The tornado then destroyed the Sykes Enterprises facility near Marianna Municipal Airport before dissipating. Overall losses from the storm reached $3 million.[37]
Georgia
F0 Centerville area Early 3:40 p.m. 0.5 miles (0.80 km) Brief tornado downed trees and power lines.[38]
F0 Blakely area Early 3:55 p.m. – 3:57 p.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) Brief tornado caused minor damage to a county jail. Scattered trees and power lines were also felled.[39]
F0 S of Damascus Early 4:16 p.m. 2 miles (3.2 km) A short-lived tornado caused minor damage to a few homes. Several trees and power lines were also felled.[40]
F0 Colquitt area Miller 4:37 p.m. – 4:42 p.m. 4 miles (6.4 km) A weak tornado struck Colquitt, damaging nine homes and two businesses.[41]
F0 W of Arlington Calhoun 4:42 p.m. 0.2 miles (0.32 km) A brief tornado downed trees and power lines.[42]
F1 Whigham area Grady 5:19 p.m. – 5:41 p.m. 15 miles (24 km) A relatively long-lived tornado damaged five homes and several chicken houses in Whigham. Numerous trees and power lines were also felled by the storm, blocking off many roads.[43]
F1 S of Hoggard Mill Baker 6:07 p.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) Several trees were twisted or uprooted and power lines were felled.[44]
F1 Crestview area Baker 6:27 p.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) Several trees were twisted or uprooted and power lines were felled. The tornado also caused minor structural damage.[45]
Alabama
F0 W of Dixie Escambia 5:20 p.m. – 5:23 p.m. 3 miles (4.8 km) Weak tornado caused minor tree damage.[46]
F0 S of Castleberry Conecuh 5:40 p.m. – 5:42 p.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) Brief tornado caused minor tree damage.[47]
Source: Tornado History Project - September 15, 2004 Storm Data, NCDC Storm Events Database

September 16 event

List of reported tornadoes – Thursday, September 16, 2004
F#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (EST)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Alabama
F0 E of Troy (1st tornado) Pike 12:25 a.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[48]
F0 S of Clio Barbour 12:56 a.m. 0.2 miles (0.32 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[49]
F0 E of Troy (2nd tornado) Pike 1:05 a.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[50]
F0 E of Snowdoun Montgomery 1:49 a.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[51]
F0 E of Clayton Barbour 3:05 a.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[52]
F0 SE of Tuskegee Macon 4:00 a.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado downed several trees.[53]
Florida
F0 NE of Lloyd Jefferson, Leon 4:45 a.m. – 4:50 a.m. 5.5 miles (8.9 km) A weak tornado touched down near Lake Miccosukee and tracked northeast, damaging two homes and destroying a shed. Numerous trees and power lines were felled by the storm.[54][55]
F0 Steinhatchee area Taylor 8:50 a.m. 0.2 miles (0.32 km) A waterspout moved onshore near Steinhatchee and caused minor damage to several homes.[56]
Georgia
F0 E of Williamsburg Dougherty 6:30 a.m. – 6:33 a.m. 2 miles (3.2 km) A weak tornado damaged several homes and felled many trees. A portion of Georgia State Route 133 near Pecan City was temporarily closed due to downed trees.[57]
F0 S of Ambrose Coffee 10:35 a.m. 2 miles (3.2 km) A short-lived tornado damaged several homes and sheds. One mobile home was also blown off its foundation.[58]
F1 NNE of Colbert Madison 2:05 p.m. – 2:15 p.m. 7 miles (11 km) An F1 tornado touched down near Georgia State Route 72 and tracked north-northwest towards a country club. There, five large homes sustained extensive damage. Twenty other homes were also damaged by the tornado before it dissipated near the Madison County High School in Danielsville. Overall losses from the storm reached $1.3 million.[59]
F0 Paoli area Madison 2:33 p.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) A brief tornado destroyed one barn destroyed and damaged several homes.[60]
F0 N of Yatesville Upson 2:42 p.m. 0.1 miles (0.16 km) Brief tornado caused minor tree damage.[61]
F2 Franklin Springs area Franklin 1850 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Several chicken houses were destroyed while a government building, the fire and police stations and 25 homes were damaged.
F1 W of Parhams Franklin 1915 3.5 miles
(5.6 km)		 A few homes were damaged
F0 S of Griffin Spalding 1921 0.2 miles
(0.32 km)		 Minor roof damage to a few homes and extensive tree damage
F1 Norman area Wilkes 2010 7 miles
(11.2 km)		 23 structures sustained damage while a communication tower was destroyed
F1 S of Middleton Elbert 2018 7.5 miles
(12 km)		 One house sustained damage
F1 S of Montevideo Elbert 2038 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage to trees and power lines
F2 N of Cromers Franklin 2045 5.5 miles
(8.8 km)		 1 death Several businesses, homes and vehicles were damaged
F1 Macedonia area Cherokee 2055 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Six homes suffered extensive damage primarily because of fallen trees
F1 N of Reed Creek Hart 2115 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 Several trees and power lines were blown down.
F1 Cornelia area Habersham 2330 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Damage to trees and power lines
F1 Sylvania area Screven 0010 6 miles
(9.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 N of Hiltonia Screven 0040 7 miles
(11.2 km)		 Damage limited to trees
South Carolina
F0 N of Aiken Aiken 1756 6 miles
(9.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 N of Saluda Saluda 1900 6 miles
(9.6 km)		 A barn was destroyed, while several mobile homes, two cars and several framed homes were damaged
F0 SW of Joanna Laurens 2012 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F0 SE of Townville Anderson 2125 0.1 miles
(0.16 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F0 Seneca area Oconee 2135 5 miles
(8 km)		 Damage limited to trees and power lines
F0 W of Iva Anderson 2140 0.1 miles
(0.16 km)		 Brief touchdown with no damage
F1 Westminster area Oconee 2155 4.5 miles
(7.2 km)		 A mobile home was destroyed and one home was damaged by a fallen tree
Source: Tornado History Project - September 16, 2004 Storm Data, NCDC Storm Events Database

September 17 event

List of reported tornadoes – Friday, September 17, 2004
F#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (EST)
Path length
Comments/Damage
North Carolina
F0 N of Waco Cleveland 0905 0.9 miles
(1.4 km)		 Roofs of a barn, a chicken house and a porch were blown off. Trees fell on vehicles and homes.
F1 N of Stokesdale Guilford, Rockingham 1409 15.3 miles
(24.5 km)		 4 homes and a double-wide trailer were destroyed or damaged beyond repair and several others damaged including 11 with major damage. One garage was destroyed and three other had their roof removed
F0 NW of Vass Moore 1555 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Damage to trees and power lines
F0 W of Pittsboro Chatham 1625 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Damage to trees and power lines
Virginia
F2 W of Collinsville Henry, Franklin 1504 8.8 miles
(14.1 km)		 40 vehicles were damaged or destroyed at a factory which sustained significant damage. There was roof and tree damage at a subdivision. A residential garage was damaged by a fallen tree
F2 E of Stewartsville Bedford 1612 3 miles
(4.8 km)		 A poorly constructed building was destroyed with several other structures sustaining damage
F0 N of Straightstone Pittsylvania 1724 0.3 miles
(0.5 km)		 Brief touchdown with no damage
F1 NE of Rustburg Campbell 1754 1.9 miles
(3 km)		 Minor damage to homes, while the roof of a garage was blown off. Extensive tree damage
F1 W of Thomas Terrace Campbell 1759 3 miles
(4.8 km)		 Damage mostly to sheds and trees with a trampoline blown away from a home. One person died of a heart attack cleaning up debris and not directly related to the tornado.
F0 N of Earlysville Albemarle 1844 0.3 miles
(0.5 km)		 Brief touchdown with no damage
F3 Remington area Fauquier 1902 9 miles
(14.4 km)		 One home was pushed off its foundation and a vehicle was thrown 75 yards (69 m) away
F2 S of Stanardsville Greene 1905 5 miles
(8 km)		 4 homes, a trailer and a mobile home were destroyed with over 50 structures sustaining damage
F1 W of Mannboro Amelia 1908 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 A garage was lifted off its foundation and had its roof removed
F0 E of Riverton Warren 1910 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F2 E of Fletcher Madison 1912 8 miles
(12.8 km)		 A garage was destroyed and several homes were damaged. There was extensive damage to trees in the Rapidan Wildlife Management Area and Shenandoah National Park
F2 Warrenton area Fauquier 1912 8 miles
(12.8 km)		 Structural damage to several homes and severe tree damage
F1 NW of Woodford Caroline 1915 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 A cinder block detached garage and a mobile home were destroyed. Several homes had minor damage.
F2 W of Buckland Fauquier 1924 13 miles
(20.8 km)		 Widespread structural damage in two subdivisions
F0 NE of Massaponax Spotsylvania 1929 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Minor damage to trees and a few homes
F0 Fredericksburg area Fredericksburg 1936 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Brief tornado with little or no damage
F2 Winchester area Frederick 1939 5 miles
(8 km)		 A detached parking garage was destroyed, while three homes had damage. A platform deck was blown away and a trailer was overturned
F1 E of Daffan Stafford 1942 6 miles
(9.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 Manakin area Goochland 1950 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 SW of Oakland Louisa 1956 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 Two house trailers were blown into a creek
F0 Short Pump area Henrico 1959 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 Minor damage to homes
F0 Holladay area Spotsylvania 2005 0.1 miles
(0.16 km)		 Brief touchdown with no damage
F1 W of Danton Orange 2015 3 miles
(4.8 km)		 Two homes were damaged along with several trees being uprooted
F1 S of Lovettsville Loudoun 2020 12 miles
(20.8 km)		 A farmhouse, outbuildings and a horse barn were damaged or destroyed and two horses were injured by debris.
F2 SE of Independent Hill Prince William 2026 4 miles
(6.4 km)		 Several homes were damaged
F2 E of Everona Orange 2028 7 miles
(11.2 km)		 A mobile home, shed house trailer and two silos were destroyed
F1 N of Mitchells Culpeper 2036 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 12 homes sustained significant damage and a shed was lifted from its foundation
F1 SW of Winchester Frederick 2037 9 miles
(14.4 km)		 Barns, outbuildings and a garage were damaged. One home was destroyed and 100 others damaged due to falling trees
F0 N of Hanover Hanover 2040 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 Manassas area Manassas, Prince William, Manassas Park, Fairfax 2040 3.5 miles
(5.6 km)		 Several structures and trees were damaged
F0 E of Taylorsville Caroline 2042 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 S of Alanthus Culpeper 2050 0.1 miles
(0.16 km)		 A house and its garage lost portions of its roof
F2 Chantilly area Fairfax 2055 7 miles
(3.2 km)		 One home was destroyed and 50 others damaged
F1 W of McDuff Caroline 2111 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 Damage limited to trees although one fallen tree damaged one home
F2 Dulles International Airport area Loudoun, Montgomery (MD) 2112 8 miles
(24 km)		 Seven buildings were damaged and tractor-trailer was overturned near Dulles Airport. A few structures were also damaged in Maryland
F1 W of Port Royal Caroline 2123 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 2 homes were damaged
F1 S of Fairview Beach King George 2125 7 miles
(11.2 km)		 Damage to frame homes, a barn and outbuildings
F1 SW of Oilville Goochland 2134 0.2 miles
(0.32 km)		 Two homes were damaged
F0 NW of Durand Greensville 2135 0.8 miles
(1.3 km)		 A few homes and a shed were damaged
Pennsylvania
F1 NW of Wardfordsburg Fulton 2030 0.5 miles
(0.8 km)		 A tractor barn was leveled and a house and a barn were damaged
F1 N of Worleytown Franklin 2214 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Damage to trees and several structures
F1 E of Markes Franklin 2228 2.5 miles
(4 km)		 Damage to trees and several structures
F1 NE of Germantown Franklin 2318 1.5 miles
(2.4 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 SW of Tatesville Bedford 2330 3.5 miles
(5.6 km)		 One home and farm buildings were damaged. Extensive crop damage at six farms
F1 SE of Yount Bedford 2340 2.3 miles
(3.7 km)		 Sporadic damage including to trees and one barn
F1 N of Oakville Cumberland 2355 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Damage to trees, farmhouses and farm buildings
F1 S of Arch Rock Juniata 0005 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 NE of Arch Rock Juniata 0010 4.5 miles
(7.2 km)		 Several structures damaged and corn fields were flattened
Maryland
F1 N of Brunswick Frederick, Washington 2110 4 miles
(6.4 km)		 Damage to a few homes and a few other structures. Outbuildings and a few buildings were destroyed
F0 N of Wellington Beach Charles 2142 3 miles
(4.8 km)		 Damage limited to trees
F1 Frederick area Frederick 2154 7 miles
(11.2 km)		 Minor structural damage to a few homes
F2 N of Burkittsville Frederick 2250 3 miles
(4.8 km)		 Major tree damage at Catoctin Mountain Park
West Virginia
F1 E of Tanco Heights Jefferson 2240 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Homes sustained roof and siding damage
F2 Darkesville area Berkeley 2250 2 miles
(3.2 km)		 Several homes and businesses sustained significant structural damage.
F0 Sleepy Creek area Morgan, Washington (MD) 2334 1 miles
(1.6 km)		 Damage limited to trees
Source: Tornado History Project - September 17, 2004 Storm Data, NCDC Storm Events Database

September 18 event

List of reported tornadoes – Saturday, September 18, 2004
F#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (EST)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Maryland
F1 Joppatowne area Harford 2:40 a.m. – 2:43 a.m. 1 mile (1.6 km) A short-lived tornado downed several trees and peeled the siding off a few homes. One of the trees fell on a home, causing extensive roof damage and breaking most of the windows.[62]
F2 Pylesville area Harford 3:00 a.m. – 3:10 a.m. 2 miles (3.2 km) A short-lived tornado destroyed two mobile homes and damaged several other structures. Numerous large trees were also twisted or uprooted.[63]
Source: Tornado History Project - September 18, 2004 Storm Data, NCDC Storm Events Database

See also

References

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  6. ^ Jared L. Guyer and Brynn Kerr (September 15, 2004). "September 13, 2004 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2004/day1otlk_20040916_0100.html. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 
  7. ^ a b Matthew D. Eastin and M. Christopher Link (July 2009). "Miniature Supercells in an Offshore Outer Rainband of Hurricane Ivan (2004)" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 137 (7): 2081–2104. doi:10.1175/2009MWR2753.1. http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/137620.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  8. ^ Adam K. Baker, Matthew D. Eastin, and Matthew D. Parker (February 2009). "Environmental Ingredients for Supercells and Tornadoes within Hurricane Ivan". Weather and Forecasting (American Meteorological Society) 24 (1): 223–244. doi:10.1175/2008WAF2222146.1. http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2008WAF2222146.1?journalCode=wefo. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  9. ^ Jeffry S. Evans (September 15, 2004). "Tornado Watch 823". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2004/ww0823.html. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 
  10. ^ Greg L. Dial and Jeffry S. Evans (September 16, 2004). "Tornado Watch 830". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2004/ww0830.html. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
  11. ^ Greg L. Dial (September 16, 2004). "Mesoscale Discussion 2225". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2004/md2225.html. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
  12. ^ Gregory Carbin (September 16, 2004). "Mesoscale Discussion 2221". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2004/md2221.html. Retrieved November 6, 2011. 
  13. ^ Jonathan Racy (September 16, 2004). "Mesoscale Discussion 2227". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2004/md2227.html. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
  14. ^ Jeffry S. Evans (September 17, 2004). "Tornado Watch 832". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2004/ww0832.html. Retrieved November 12, 2011. 
  15. ^ NCDC: Event Details
  16. ^ NCDC: Event Details
  17. ^ NCDC: Event Details
  18. ^ NCDC: Event Details
  19. ^ Tornado Database, Tornado Maps, Tornado Paths
  20. ^ "Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529449. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 
  21. ^ "Alabama Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~525147. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 
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  24. ^ "Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529452. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 
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  26. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529454. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  27. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529455. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  28. ^ "Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529456. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  29. ^ "Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529458. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  30. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529459. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  31. ^ "Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529460. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  32. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529461. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  33. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529462. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  34. ^ "Florida Event Report: F2 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529463. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
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  37. ^ "Florida Event Report: F2 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~529466. Retrieved November 4, 2011. 
  38. ^ "Georgia Event Report: F0 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~530190. Retrieved November 5, 2011. 
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  62. ^ "Maryland Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~539687. Retrieved November 10, 2011. 
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Notes
  1. ^ First tornado touched down at 1:53 p.m. on September 15 and the last dissipated at 3:10 a.m. on September 18.[1]
  2. ^ Sources differ on the number of tornadoes during the outbreak. The National Climatic Data Center indicates 119 tornadoes;[1] the Tallahassee, Florida branhc of the National Weather Service states approximately 117 tornadoes;[2] Thomas P. Grazulis and Bill McCaul state 127 tornadoes.[3]
  3. ^ All damage figures in the article are in 2004 United States dollars (USD)

External links